Can Public Debt crowd in Private Investment?
If households self-select into a risky high-income state through investment, increased government debt can stimulate investment and improve welfare. In a heterogeneous agent endogenous growth model, government debt helps households smooth consumption and encourages investment in risky, high-return assets, crowding in aggregate growth. However, when debt becomes excessive, capital crowding out and distortionary taxation negate these benefits. Using a model calibrated to U.S. data, we show that this crowding-in effect suggests a higher optimal debt-to-GDP ratio than currently observed.